Glossary

Super D

A character that represents all athletes living with Type 1 Diabetes.

Blood Glucose Level (BG)

A measurement of glucose in the bloodstream, usually taken from a finger prick or glucose meter.

Interstitial Glucose

Glucose measured in the interstitial fluid surrounding body cells, usually lagging behind blood glucose by 5–20 minutes.

Glucose Variability

Fluctuations between high and low blood glucose values over time.

Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

A device that continuously measures glucose levels and provides trend data and alerts.

Time in Range (TIR)

Percentage of time glucose levels remain within the target range.

Hypoglycaemia

Low blood glucose below 4 mmol/L (70 mg/dL), often causing shakiness, confusion, and weakness.

Hyperglycaemia

High blood glucose above target range, often above 14 mmol/L (250 mg/dL).

Ketones

By-products of fat metabolism produced when insulin is insufficient.

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

A serious condition caused by insulin deficiency and high ketones.

Basal Insulin

Background insulin that controls glucose between meals and overnight.

Bolus Insulin

Insulin taken before meals or to correct high glucose.

Insulin Sensitivity

How effectively the body responds to insulin.

Honeymoon Phase

Temporary remission period after diagnosis with reduced insulin needs.

Dawn Phenomenon

Morning rise in blood glucose due to hormonal release.

Glycaemic Index (GI)

Measure of how quickly foods raise glucose.

Glycaemic Load (GL)

GI adjusted for portion size.

Carbohydrate Counting

Method of matching insulin to carbohydrate intake.

Carbohydrate Loading

Strategy used before endurance events to increase glycogen stores.

Insulin on Board (IOB)

Amount of active insulin still working in the body.